Mafi kyawun zaɓi na PDC Bits don hakar ma'adinan kwal
Gina rijiyar burtsatse hanya ce ta fasaha da ake amfani da ita sosai don sarrafa iskar gas, rigakafin lalata ruwa, da binciken yanayin ƙasa a ma'adinan kwal, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da aminci da ingancin samar da gawayi. A kasar Sin, ana samar da dubun-dubatar mitoci na ramukan hakowa duk shekara a ma'adinan kwal. Tsarin gine-gine yana buƙatar goyon bayan kayan aikin hakowa irin su ƙwanƙwasa, bututu, da ƙwanƙwasa. Daga cikin su, rawar soja kayan aiki ne masu mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar ramuka kai tsaye da fasa duwatsu.
Poly crystalline composite sheet (PDC) ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin raƙuman haƙar ma'adinai saboda juriyar sa ta na musamman da taurin tasirin abin yabawa.Farashin PDCyana nuna tsawaita rayuwar hakowa da haɓakar shigar shigar ciki lokacin da aka yi aiki da shi a matsakaici-tsayi mai ƙarfi da ƙananan tsaunin dutse, wanda hakan zai haifar da fa'idodin tattalin arziƙi a cikin ayyukan haƙar ma'adinan kwal.
Kalubalen da ake fuskanta a yanzu a fannin hakar ma'adinaiFarashin PDCsun haɗa da: ①Matsayin shigarwa don ma'adinan PDC ma'adinai ba shi da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi, tare da ɗimbin masana'anta suna ba da matakan inganci daban-daban. ②Amfani da buƙatun hakowa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa a cikin ma'adinan kwal suna nuna rarrabuwar kawuna, yayin da rabe-raben ma'adinan PDC mai ma'adinai yana da rikitarwa kuma ya bambanta. Bugu da ƙari kuma, akwai ƙarancin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun zaɓi na tsari da ma'ana a cikin tsarin amfani na gaba. ma'aikatan gini na iya zama da wahala wasu lokuta.
Domin inganta aikin hako ma'adinaiFarashin PDC, wannan takarda tana ba da cikakken bincike game da hanyoyin gazawar farko da kuma bincikar abubuwan da ke haifar da kowane nau'i na gazawar. Bugu da ƙari, ana ba da shawarwari masu amfani don zaɓin hankali da kuma yin amfani da hankali na waɗannan abubuwan.
1.Analysis na Form da Sanadin gazawar PDC Bit a Mining
A halin yanzu, sassan ma'adinan PDC masu hakar ma'adinai da farko sun ƙunshi jikin ɗan adam, masu yankan PDC, gauge alloys, da sauran sassa kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na 1. Masu yankan PDC da ma'aunin ma'auni suna brazed a jikin bit don tabbatar da amincin abin da aka makala. A lokacin ayyukan hakowa na yau da kullun, sandar rawar soja tana watsa juzu'i da ciyar da matsa lamba zuwa kasan ramin inda ya shiga tare da rawar sojan. Ana aiwatar da tsarin yankan dutsen ta hanyar yin amfani da masu yankan PDC akan ɗigon rawar soja. Bugu da ƙari, ma'aunin ma'auni suna kiyaye kariya daga wuce gona da iri ta hanyar kare mutuncin ɗan adam. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da cewa daban-daban dalilai kamar hadaddun sojojin exerted a kan mai yanka a rami kasa a lokacin dutse yankan tare da wani PDC bit, canje-canje a cikin samuwar halaye, zabi na gini dabaru da kayan aiki, aiki ƙware da ma'aikata da hannu a cikin ayyukan gine-gine tare da ingancin kula da matakan da ragowa da kansu na iya tasiri tasiri tasiri aikace-aikace haifar da bambancin siffofin gazawar ga wadannan bits. Ta hanyar binciken da aka gudanar a wuraren da ake hakar kwal, mun taqaita tare da yin nazari akan hanyoyin gazawa daban-daban da abubuwan farko da ke da alaƙa da.Farashin PDC.
1.1 Rashin lalacewa na PDC yana faruwa lokacin da PDC ta kasance a ƙarƙashin babban zafin jiki da yanayin matsa lamba. Takardun haɗe-haɗe ya ƙunshi manyan abubuwa guda biyu: Layer lu'u-lu'u da matrix carbide, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a hoto na 2.
Hanyoyin rashin nasara na farko na masu yankan PDC sun haɗa da lalacewa ta al'ada, kashewa, rushewar ruwa, da lalata.
(1) Yawan lalacewa da tsagewa
Al'amarin na al'ada lalacewa wani nau'i ne na al'ada lalacewa da ke faruwa a cikin masu yankan PDC a yayin aikin yankan dutse, da farko yana da hasara mai mahimmanci na macroscopic a cikin nau'i na lu'u-lu'u da simintin carbide matrix na masu yankan, ba tare da wani bayyanar cututtuka na fatattaka a saman nika ba.
(2) Zubar da ciki
Lamarin faɗuwar guntu yana faruwa ne lokacin da masu yankan PDC suka rabu daga jikin bit, wanda ke haifar da gazawar bit. Mafi shaharar halayyar ita ce cikakkiyar rabuwa da masu yankan PDC daga jikin bitar, ba tare da sauran ragowar gami da aka samu a cikin rami ba inda ake yin walda tsakanin jikin bit da masu yankan PDC.
Abubuwan farko da ke haifar da raguwar faɗuwar fim:
① Maɗaukakin zafin jiki a ƙasan rijiyar burtsatse yana haifar da ƙalubale a cikin fasahar ginin busasshiyar hakowa ko samar da toshe ruwa yayin aikin hakowa, yayin da kuma ke hana sanyaya lokacin da ake yin yankan PDC akan rawar sojan yayin yankan dutsen rotary mai sauri. Sakamakon haka, akwai gagarumin hauhawar zafin jiki a kasan ramin, wanda zai iya zarce tsananin zafin solder kuma ya haifar da narkewar solder da kuma ɓarna na masu yankan PDC na gaba.
② Gudanar da tsarin waldawar rawar soja ba ta da ƙarfi sosai. A cikin tsarin walda, akwai ƙarancin tsaftacewa mai kyau kafin waldawa, gurɓataccen walda ko rashin isassun iskar iskar gas, da yanayin zafin da bai dace ba ko rashin isasshen lokacin walda, duk waɗannan na iya haifar da raguwa. Baya ga bukatar masana'antun da su tabbatar da tsaftar tsarin samar da kayayyaki (musamman tsarin walda na PDC) don tabbatar da cikakku da tsayayyen walda, haka nan wajibi ne a fayyace hanyar aikin hakowa ta hanyar zabar hako ruwa a duk lokacin da zai yiwu da kuma kauce wa gina busasshen hakowa. Don hakowa mai zurfi, ya kamata a tabbatar da cewa ruwa ya dawo kafin a kara hakowar sanda. Bugu da ƙari, kowane lokaci kafin shigar da rawar jiki a cikin kasan ramin, yana da muhimmanci a duba ko akwai wasu abubuwan da ke hanawa don hana toshewa.
(3) Karyewar ruwa
Karyewar layin lu'u-lu'u a cikin masu yankan PDC yana wakiltar yanayin gazawa donFarashin PDC. Siffar siffa ta wannan yanayin gazawar ita ce fashewar layin lu'u-lu'u, tare da wasu lokuta da ke haifar da karyewar lokaci guda tare da matrix carbide.
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da fashewar bitar PDC:
① Mai yankan da aka zaɓa bisa la'akari da halaye masu mahimmanci na mai yanke PDC yana nuna ƙananan juriya. Ƙarfin haɗin gwiwar tungsten carbide (WC) da lu'u-lu'u micro-foda bai isa ba, yana sa ya zama mai rauni a ƙarƙashin damuwa na rarrabuwar dutse;
② Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da tsarin gine-gine suna nuna cewa matsa lamba a kan ginin yana da yawa. Matsin da mai yankan PDC ya yi akan bit ɗin ya zarce iyakar matsa lamba, wanda ke haifar da zubewar ɗigon lu'u-lu'u da rugujewar gefen yanke.
③ Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da hadaddun gyare-gyare sun nuna cewa yayin da ake ginawa mai wuyar gaske, tsagewar gyare-gyare, nauyin tasiri a kan masu yankewa na PDC ya wuce tasirin tasirin su, wanda zai iya haifar da rushewar yankewa.
④ Zane-zane na kusurwar yankan bit bai isa ba, saboda baya bin ka'idar cewa haɓaka mai ƙarfi yana buƙatar babban kusurwa mai girma. A cikin gina ƙaƙƙarfan gyare-gyare, ƙaramin yanki na yanke zai iya haifar da ƙarfin da ya wuce kima akan mai yankan PDC, a ƙarshe yana haifar da rushewar yanki.
⑤ Wasu dalilai sun nuna cewa tsarin tallafawa bolts da igiyoyin anga a cikin hanyoyin karkashin kasa yana sa ya zama mai saurin rugujewa lokacin da ya gamu da wadannan abubuwan. Don hana gazawar bit, yana da mahimmanci ba wai kawai a bi ka'idodin tsari da aka zayyana a cikin littafin koyarwar hakowa ba amma har ma don ƙira da zaɓin rawar sojan bisa ga yanayin samuwar. Musamman, lokacin da ake hakowa cikin gyare-gyare masu wuya, yana da kyau a ƙara girman kusurwar bit daidai, rage girmansa, da haɓaka kariya ga bit. Bugu da ƙari, ana ba da shawarar zaɓin masu yankan PDC tare da taurin tasiri mafi girma lokacin da ake hakowa ta hanyar sassauƙa mai tsauri ko gyaggyara siffar waje na Layer lu'u-lu'u don inganta taurin tasiri; alal misali, masu yankan PDC masu lankwasa gabaɗaya suna nuna mafi kyawun juriya fiye da nau'ikan lebur. Bugu da ƙari, ya kamata a aiwatar da tsarin ramukan da ya dace yayin ginin don guje wa hakowa cikin kusoshi da igiyoyin anga.
(4) Lalacewa
Delamination yana nufin keɓance Layer na lu'u-lu'u daga matrix carbide da aka yi da siminti a cikin zanen gadon PDC, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a hoto na 3.
Babban dalilin delamination a cikin lu'u lu'u-lu'u na masu yankan PDC shine babban danniya da ke akwai tsakanin Layer lu'u-lu'u da simintin carbide matrix, haɗe tare da babban bambanci a cikin adadin haɓakar haɓakar zafi. Yayin yankan dutse, Layer lu'u-lu'u da matrix carbide mai siminti suna fuskantar ƙanƙancewa asynchronous saboda matsalolin zafi da zafi ke haifarwa da sanyaya daga ruwan wankewa. Sakamakon tasirin nauyin nauyi da ragowar damuwa yana haifar da kwasfa na lu'u-lu'u daga matrix na carbide, a ƙarshe yana haifar da gazawar rawar soja. Don rage lalata, yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar kayan haɗin kai da suka dace da fasahar sarrafawa waɗanda ke magance ragowar damuwa tsakanin waɗannan abubuwan biyu yayin masana'anta. Bugu da ƙari, ƙirƙira sabon sifar mu'amala don matrix na iya haɓaka kaddarorin haɗin kai tsakanin layin lu'u-lu'u da matrix carbide siminti.
1.2 Rashin gazawar jiki na farko yana da alaƙa da karyewar ruwa a jikin rawar jiki, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a hoto na 4.
Karyewar ruwan wutsiya yakan faru ne a cikin bitar jiki kuma da kyar jikin karfe yana faruwa. Dalilan karaya na bitar jikin bitar sune kamar haka: ① Buga ruwan bita a lokacin da za a cire bitar jiki saboda rawanin jikin bitar yana zubewa ta hanyar foda na karfe a lokaci guda. idan aka kwatanta da talakawa karfe jiki bit. bit body bit yana da mafi girma juriya. amma taurin kayan jiki daidai yake yana raguwa kuma yana da sauƙin karya ruwan bitar yayin buɗe jikin bit; ② Gudanar da tsarin bitar bitar ba ta da ƙarfi. da kuma sintered bit jiki ne entrainment da karfe foda ya kasa samar da wani gami. Domin kauce wa karye ruwa. mai amfani ya fi yin amfani da kayan aiki irin su filashin haƙori don taimakawa ɗaurin lokacin da za a kwance rawar. don guje wa bugun ruwa; Na biyu. masana'antun yakamata su kula sosai da ingancin jikin da aka lalata. ba kawai don sarrafa tsarin sintering sosai ba. amma kuma don saka idanu da foda na karfe daga lokaci zuwa lokaci don tabbatar da cewa foda ya cika ka'idodin tsari.
2. Ingantaccen Tsara da Zaɓin Mahimmancin Ma'adinan PDC Bit
2.1 Haɓaka ƙira na rawar soja
(1) Domin gazawar nau'i na bit, ya zama dole don inganta tsarinsa daga zane-zane. Babban sigogin ƙira na PDC bit sun haɗa da yankan Angle α. Gefe Angle β. azimuth Angle γ. da sauransu. γ yana nufin kusurwa tsakanin layin tunani na haƙoran PDC da tsakiyar layin bit. α yana nufin kusurwar tsakanin layin tunani na haƙori na PDC da jirgin aiki na mai yankewa. kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 5. β yana nufin kusurwar da ke tsakanin jirgin ta hanyar tsakiya da tsakiyar layin bit da jirgin aiki na mai yankewa. kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 6. Bincike na farko da cikakken bincike na aikace-aikacen ya nuna cewa ɓangarorin yankewa da kusurwar kusurwa na masu yanke PDC na iya tasiri kai tsaye ga rayuwa da haɓakar hakowa na bit. kuma ya zama dole don inganta ƙirar bit bisa ga nau'ikan hakowa daban-daban. Zane-zanen kusurwa zai yi tasiri sosai ga aikin hakowa. ko ma babu fim din gaba daya; Idan kusurwar yankan ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai. ɓangarorin yankan PDC yana da saurin karyewa da sauran abubuwan mamaki. Saboda haka. ya kamata a yi la'akari da ƙirar rawar soja gabaɗaya lokacin zabar makircin sigina zaɓin matsakaicin yanke kusurwa da kusurwar gefe maimakon ƙira bazuwar.
(2) Bugu da ƙari don haɓaka kusurwar yanke na bit, yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka masu yankan PDC. Ingancin masu yankan PDC yana tasiri sosai ga ma'adinan PDC, saboda kai tsaye yana ƙayyade aikin yanke su da tsawon rayuwarsu. Muhimmiyar mahimmanci wajen haɓaka ingancin PDC shine kawar da ragowar damuwa a haɗin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin layin lu'u-lu'u da matrix carbide siminti. Bincike ya nuna cewa matsakaicin matsananciyar damuwa a cikin masu yankan PDC tare da tsarin mu'amala mai tsari yana mai da hankali kusa da ɓangarorin biyu na wannan mu'amala, tare da ƙyalli da damuwa mai ƙarfi da ke faruwa a gefen layin lu'u-lu'u. Kasancewar damuwa mai ƙarfi na iya haifar da ɓarna mara kyau a cikin PDC, yayin da damuwa mai ƙarfi ya zama babban dalilin delamination a cikin masu yankan PDC.
(3) Baya ga kawar da ragowar damuwa a cikin masu yankewar PDC, jiyya na biyu na iya ƙara haɓaka ingancin su. A halin yanzu, hanyoyin jiyya na farko sun haɗa da niƙa saman lu'u-lu'u, ƙwanƙwasa gefuna, da ƙirar ƙira. Za a iya inganta zaɓin masu yankan PDC bisa ainihin yanayin aiki.
2.2 Madaidaicin zaɓi na raƙuman ruwa
A halin yanzu, ɓangarorin PDC da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ayyukan haƙo ramuka a yawancin wuraren hakar ma'adinai galibi suna da ƙira mai fuka-fuki uku. Duk da haka, zaɓin waɗannan raƙuman ruwa galibi yana iyakance kuma ba shi da rarrabuwa, yana haifar da tsari guda ɗaya wanda bai dace da ƙayyadaddun buƙatun maɓalli daban-daban ba. Wannan yana da matsala musamman a ƙarƙashin sarƙaƙƙiyar yanayin ƙirƙira, inda na yau da kullun concave ragowa ke gwagwarmaya don isar da aiki mai gamsarwa, wanda ke haifar da gajeriyar rayuwa da rage aikin hakowa. Irin wannan rashin aiki ba wai kawai yana haifar da tsadar kayayyaki ba amma yana iya rushe jadawalin gine-gine da kuma haifar da hasarar tattalin arziki. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar madaidaitan raƙuman ruwa waɗanda aka keɓance da yanayin samuwar mabambanta.
Za'a iya rarraba raƙuman ma'adinai na PDC zuwa manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'in nau'in karfe da nau'in taya. Jikin nau'in nau'in ƙarfe na farko ana sarrafa su ta hanyoyin injina, suna ba da ƙarfi mai kyau wanda zai sa su dace da ayyukan hakowa na yau da kullun. Sabanin haka, nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i na taya ana yin su ta hanyar amfani da matakan ƙarfe na foda, suna ba da tsayin daka na juriya don hako dutse ko tsawaita ayyukan hakowa. Bugu da ƙari, za a iya rarraba raƙuman rawar soja zuwa sassa daban-daban, ciki har da concave na ciki, kusurwar baka, lebur kasa, scraper, da sauransu kamar yadda aka kwatanta a cikin Hoto 7. ② Tsarin haƙoran da aka tarwatsa na arc bit yana haifar da haɓakar haƙori mafi girma da ingantaccen hakowa yayin aiki tare da matsakaici-hard strata da sama; ③Siffar leɓen ɗan lebur-ƙasa ya kusan faɗi, wanda ke kaifafa gefunansa don sauƙaƙe skewing-wannan ƙirar galibi ana amfani da ita don aikace-aikacen hakowa ta hanya; ④ The scraper bit yawanci yana fasalta tsarin juzu'i wanda ke ba da girman kai kuma ana yin aiki da shi a cikin sassa mai laushi ko ginin kabu.
An taƙaita raƙuman ma'adinan PDC na ma'adinai na yanzu kuma an tsara su, tare da ka'idodin zaɓi don raƙuman PDC a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na aiki da samuwar, kamar yadda aka gabatar a cikin Table 1 don tunani.
3. Amfani da Ma'adinai PDC Bit Kariya
Bugu da ƙari ga zaɓen ƙwanƙwasa a hankali, yana da mahimmanci daidai da yin amfani da waɗannan kayan aikin yadda ya kamata. Bisa la'akari da ƙalubalen yanayin gini a cikin ma'adinan kwal, ma'aikata sukan kokawa sosai don bin ƙa'idodin aiki na PDC, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin gazawa akai-akai saboda rashin kulawa. A ƙoƙarin haɓaka aikin hakowa, wasu wuraren hakar ma'adinai na iya ƙara nauyi ba tare da nuna bambanci ba yayin aiki, wanda zai haifar da gazawar ɗan lokaci. Yin amfani da daidaitattun raƙuman ruwa na PDC na iya haɓaka aikin su da rage farashin samarwa. Ya kamata a ba da hankali ga la'akari masu zuwa yayin amfani da raƙuman PDC:
(1) Kula da dangantakar da ke tsakanin PDC bit da kayan aikin rawar soja, tabbatar da cewa babban diamita na diamita bai dace da ƙananan bututun diamita ba, kuma ƙananan bututun diamita bai dace da babban diamita ba.
(2) Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ita ce a yi amfani da ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa rami ko tsoho don gina gida, tare da tabbatar da cewa aikin hakowa yana guje wa kusancin ƙusoshin gefen layi, igiyoyin anga, da kuma cikas iri ɗaya.
(3) Lokacin gudanar da ayyukan hakowa, yana da mahimmanci a daidaita matsi don hana hatsarori da ke haifar da matsananciyar matsa lamba a cikin rijiyar burtsatse.
(4) Da fatan za a yi amfani da fasahar hako ruwa mai tsafta, tare da ƙin busassun hakowa ko hako iska. Kafin fara ayyukan hako matsi, tabbatar da zazzagewar ruwa mai kyau a cikin rami don hana yiwuwar konewa a gindinsa.
(5) Lokacin cire bit, tabbatar don guje wa ƙullawa ko buga abin yankan PDC. Bugu da ƙari, a yi hattara don kada ku taɓa ruwan jikin ɗan bita.
4. Kammalawa
Amintacciya da ingantaccen aikin hakar ma'adinai na kwal ya kasance jigo na tsakiya da masana'antar kwal ke bayar da shawarar. Yin amfani da raƙuman ruwa na PDC yadda ya kamata don ayyukan hakar ƙasa a cikin ma'adinan kwal yana da mahimmanci. Wannan takarda tana nazarin yanayin gazawar ma'adinan PDC, yana bayyana dalilan farko a bayan nau'ikan gazawa daban-daban. Yana ba da shawara mafi kyawun ƙira da dabarun zaɓi don raƙuman ruwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki daban-daban da tsarin yanayin ƙasa, yayin da yake taƙaita matakan kariya don amfani da su, don haka samar da tunani don ingantaccen zaɓi da aikace-aikacen ma'adinai PDC rago. Zaɓin da ya dace da kuma amfani da ma'adinan PDC mai ma'adinai na iya haɓaka tasirin su, rage sharar albarkatun albarkatu, da haɓaka aminci, inganci, da ayyukan da suka dace da muhalli a cikin hakar kwal.