Guhitamo Ibyiza bya PDC yo gucukura amakara

Kubaka ibyobo ni uburyo bwa tekiniki bukoreshwa cyane mu kugenzura gaze, gukumira ibyangizwa n’amazi, n’ubushakashatsi bwa geologiya mu birombe by’amakara, bigira uruhare runini mu kurinda umutekano n’imikorere y’amakara. Mu Bushinwa, miriyoni mirongo za metero zo gucukura zikorwa buri mwaka mu birombe by’amakara. Igikorwa cyo kubaka gisaba inkunga yibikoresho byo gucukura nkimyitozo, imiyoboro ya drill, hamwe na bits. Muri byo, imyitozo ni ibikoresho byingenzi byo gukora umwobo no kumena amabuye.

Urupapuro rwa poli kristaline ya diyama (PDC) rukoreshwa cyane mubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro kubera kwihanganira imyambarire idasanzwe ndetse no gukomera gukomeye.PDC bitskwerekana igihe kirekire cyo gucukura no kongera ubushobozi bwo gucengera mugihe gikoreshwa mubikorwa bito bito bito kandi bito, bityo bikabyara inyungu zubukungu mubikorwa byo gucukura amakara y’amakara. Ugereranije no gucukura peteroli, gucukura amakara bifite ibiranga tekiniki yo kubahenze, bikoresha igihe, kandi byateguwe cyane. Kubwibyo, ibisabwa muri rusange kubice bya PDC ntabwo bisaba cyane.

Inzitizi ziriho ubu mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciroPDC bitsshyiramo: thresholdIbipimo byinjira mu bucukuzi bwa PDC bits ni bike, hamwe nabenshi mubakora ibicuruzwa bitanga urwego rutandukanye rwubuziranenge. UsesImikoreshereze n'ibisabwa mu gucukura mu kuzimu mu birombe by'amakara byerekana itandukaniro rigaragara, mu gihe ibyiciro byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro ya PDC bitoroshye kandi bitandukanye. Byongeye kandi, habuze uburyo bunoze bwo guhitamo uburyo bunoze kandi bushyize mu gaciro mugikorwa cyakurikiyeho.③Nubwo ubwiyongere bukabije bw’inzego zikomeye mu birombe by’amakara, amabuye asanzwe y’ubucukuzi bwa PDC yananiwe kubahiriza ibyangombwa byo kubaka kugira ngo acukure neza aho bikorerwa, bigatuma habaho iterambere ryihuta cyangwa ndetse no kubura amashusho yuzuye.

Mu rwego rwo kuzamura imikorere yimikorere yubucukuziPDC bits, iyi mpapuro itanga isesengura ryuzuye ryuburyo bwambere bwo gutsindwa kandi ikora iperereza kubitera buri buryo bwo gutsindwa. Byongeye kandi, ibyifuzo bifatika birasabwa guhitamo ubushishozi no gukoresha neza ibyo bits.

1.Gusesengura imiterere nimpamvu zitera PDC Kunanirwa mu bucukuzi

Kugeza ubu, ibice bigize ubucukuzi bwa PDC bigizwe ahanini nu mubiri muto, gukata PDC, ibipimisho bya gauge, nibindi bice nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 1. Mugihe cyibikorwa bisanzwe byo gucukura, inkoni ya drill yohereza torque nigaburo ryigaburo munsi yumwobo aho ifatanya na bito. Igikorwa cyo guca urutare kigerwaho hifashishijwe ikoreshwa rya PDC kumyitozo ya bito. Byongeye kandi, gauge alloys irinda kwambara cyane mukurinda ubusugire bwumuzingi bwumubiri muto. Icyakora, twakagombye kumenya ko ibintu bitandukanye nkingufu zikomeye zashyizwe kumurongo munsi yumwobo mugihe cyo gutema urutare hamwe na PDC biti, impinduka mubiranga imiterere, guhitamo tekiniki yubwubatsi nibikoresho, ubumenyi bwimikorere yabakozi bagize uruhare mubikorwa byubwubatsi hamwe ningamba zo kugenzura ubuziranenge kubits ubwabyo birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubikorwa biganisha ku buryo butandukanye bwo kunanirwa kuri bits. Binyuze mu iperereza ryakorewe ahacukurwa amabuye y’amakara, twavuze muri make tunasesengura uburyo butandukanye bwo kunanirwa nimpamvu zambere zijyanye naPDC bits.

1.1 Kunanirwa kwa PDC bibaho mugihe PDC yacumuye mubushyuhe bwinshi nubushyuhe bukabije. Urupapuro rugizwe nibice bibiri byingenzi: urwego rwa diyama na matrike ya karbide, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2.

Uburyo bwibanze bwo kunanirwa gukata PDC harimo kwambara bisanzwe, guhanagura, gusenyuka, no gusiba.

(1) Kwambara bisanzwe

Ikintu cyo kwambara gisanzwe ni ubwoko bwibyangiritse bisanzwe biboneka mumashanyarazi ya PDC mugihe cyo gutema urutare, cyane cyane bikarangwa no gutakaza urusyo rukomeye rwa macroscopique haba murwego rwa diyama ndetse na materix ya carbide ya cima, nta kimenyetso na kimwe kigaragara cyo gutobora hejuru.

(2) Igitonyanga

Ikintu cyo kugabanuka kwa chip kibaho mugihe PDC itandukanije numubiri wa bito, bikaviramo kunanirwa bito. Ikigaragara cyane kiranga ni ugutandukanya byuzuye gukata PDC n'umubiri wa biti, nta bisigara bivanze biboneka mu rwobo aho gusudira hagati yumubiri wa biti na PDC bibera.

Ibintu by'ibanze bigira uruhare mu kugabanuka kwa firime igwa:

Temperature Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru munsi yurwobo biganisha ku mbogamizi mu ikoranabuhanga ryubaka ryumye cyangwa gushinga amazi mu gihe cyo gucukura, mu gihe kandi bibangamira gukonjesha ku gihe cya PDC ku myitozo mu gihe cyo gutema amabuye yihuta. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hari izamuka ryinshi ryubushyuhe munsi yumwobo, rishobora kurenga ubushyuhe bukabije bwumugurisha bikavamo abagurisha gushonga hanyuma bigatandukana na PDC.

② Igenzura ryimikorere yo gusudira imyitozo ntabwo rikomeye bihagije. Muburyo bwo gusudira, habura isuku ikwiye mbere yo gusudira, gusudira nabi cyangwa gucunga gaze idahagije, hamwe nubushyuhe bwo kubika ubushyuhe budafite ishingiro cyangwa igihe kidahagije nyuma yo gusudira, ibyo byose bishobora kuvamo gutandukana. Usibye gusaba abayikora kugenzura byimazeyo gahunda yo kubyaza umusaruro (cyane cyane gahunda yo gusudira ya PDC yo gukata) kugirango bashobore gusudira byuzuye kandi bikomeye, birakenewe kandi gusobanura uburyo bwo kubaka gucukura bahitamo gucukura amazi igihe cyose bishoboka no kwirinda kubaka byumye. Kubucukuzi bwimbitse, bigomba kwemezwa ko amazi agaruka mbere yo kongeramo inkoni. Byongeye kandi, buri gihe mbere yo kwinjiza imyitozo munsi yumwobo, ni ngombwa kugenzura niba hari inzitizi kugira ngo wirinde guhagarika.

(3) Kumeneka

Ivunika ryurwego rwa diyama mubice bya PDC byerekana uburyo bwiganje bwo kunanirwa kuriPDC bits. Ikiranga ubu buryo bwo kunanirwa ni ugutandukana kwa diyama, hamwe na hamwe bivamo icyarimwe icyarimwe hamwe na karbide matrix.

Impamvu nyamukuru zitera PDC gucika:

① Gukata byatoranijwe hashingiwe kubiranga ibiranga PDC byerekana ingaruka nke. Imbaraga zishyizwe hamwe za karubide ya tungsten (WC) na micro-ifu ya diyama ntabwo ihagije, bigatuma ishobora kunanirwa bitewe no gucikamo ibice;

Ibintu bijyanye nibikorwa byubwubatsi byerekana ko igitutu cyubwubatsi kiri hejuru cyane. Umuvuduko ukorwa na PDC ukata kuri biti urenze cyane igipimo cyumuvuduko, bigatuma habaho igabanuka rya diyama hanyuma nyuma yo gusenyuka.

③ Ibintu bifitanye isano nuburyo bugoye byerekana ko mugihe cyo kubaka ibice bikomeye, byacitse, umutwaro wogukata kuri PDC urenze ubukana bwabyo, ibyo bikaba byaviramo gusenyuka kuruhande.

Igishushanyo mbonera cyo gukata inguni ntigihagije, kuko kidakurikiza ihame ryuko gushiraho bigoye bisaba inguni nini yo gukata. Mu iyubakwa ryimiterere ikomeye, inguni ntoya yo gukata irashobora kuvamo imbaraga zikabije kumashanyarazi ya PDC, amaherezo biganisha ku gusenyuka kuruhande.

⑤ Ibindi bintu byerekana ko gahunda yo gushyigikira bolts hamwe ninsinga za ankeri mumihanda yo munsi y'ubutaka bituma byoroha cyane ko imyitozo ya biti isenyuka nyuma yo guhura nibi bintu. Kugira ngo wirinde kunanirwa bito, ni ngombwa kutubahiriza gusa ibipimo ngenderwaho byerekanwe mu gitabo cy’amabwiriza yo gucukura ariko nanone gushushanya no guhitamo imyitozo ishingiye ku miterere. By'umwihariko, mugihe cyo gucukura mubice bikomeye, nibyiza ko wongera inguni yo gukata bito, kugabanya ubukana bwayo, no kongera uburinzi kuri bito. Byongeye kandi, guhitamo amashanyarazi ya PDC hamwe ningaruka zikomeye birasabwa mugihe cyo gucukura ukoresheje ibice byavunitse cyangwa guhindura imiterere yinyuma ya diyama ya diyama kugirango utezimbere ingaruka zikomeye; kurugero, gukata PDC gukata muri rusange kwerekana ingaruka nziza kuruta ubwoko bubi. Byongeye kandi, imiterere yumwobo mugihe cyubwubatsi igomba gushyirwa mubikorwa kugirango wirinde gucukura mumigozi ninsinga.

(4) Gusiba

Gusiba bivuga gutandukanya urwego rwa diyama ruva muri matrike ya karbide ya sima mu mabati ya PDC, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3.

Impamvu nyamukuru itera gusibanganya murwego rwa diyama ya cutteri ya PDC ni impungenge zikomeye zisigaye ziri hagati ya diyama na materique ya karbide ya sima, hamwe n’itandukaniro rikomeye muri coefficient zabo zo kwagura ubushyuhe. Mugihe cyo gutema urutare, igiti cya diyama na sima ya karbide ya matrike ihura nigabanuka rya asinchronous bitewe nubushyuhe bwumuriro buterwa nubushyuhe bwo guterana no gukonjesha bivuye kumesa. Ingaruka zingaruka zumutwaro hamwe nihungabana risigaye biganisha ku gukuramo diyama kuva kuri matrike ya karbide, amaherezo bikaviramo gutsindwa bito. Kugirango ugabanye gusibanganya, ni ngombwa guhitamo ibikoresho bifatika hamwe na tekinoroji yo gutunganya ikemura ibibazo bisigaye hagati yibi bice byombi mugihe cyo gukora. Byongeye kandi, gushushanya imiterere mishya ya matrix irashobora kuzamura imikoranire hagati ya diyama na sima ya carbide matrix.

1.2 Imyitozo yo kunanirwa kumubiri irangwa cyane cyane no kuvunika kwicyuma mumubiri, nkuko bigaragara mumashusho 4.

 

Kumeneka kwicyuma cyumubiri ahanini biboneka mumubiri bito kandi umubiri wibyuma bitagaragara. Impamvu zo kuvunika kwicyuma cyumubiri wa biti nizi zikurikira: ① Gukubita icyuma cyumubiri wa biti mugihe ucukuye umubiri wa biti kuko ikamba ryumubiri wa biti ryacuzwe nuburyo bwa powder metallurgie icyarimwe. ugereranije numubiri usanzwe wibyuma bito. bito byumubiri bito bifite kwihanganira kwambara. ariko ubukana bwibintu byumubiri buragabanuka kandi biroroshye kumena icyuma cyumubiri wa biti mugihe ucukuye umubiri muto; ② Kugenzura inzira yo gucumura bitoroshye. n'umubiri wacumuye umubiri ni inshingano kandi ifu y'icyuma inanirwa gukora umusemburo. Kugirango wirinde kumena icyuma. uyikoresha yari afite ibikoresho byiza nkibikoresho by amenyo kugirango afashe ingoyi mugihe arimo gukuramo imyitozo. kugirango wirinde gukomanga; Icya kabiri. ababikora bagomba kugenzura neza ubuziranenge bwumubiri. ntabwo ari ukugenzura gusa inzira yo gucumura. ariko kandi no gukurikirana ifu yicyuma rimwe na rimwe kugirango umenye neza ko ifu yujuje ibisabwa.

2. Gutegura neza no guhitamo gushyira mu gaciro ubucukuzi bwa PDC Bit

2.1 Gukoresha igishushanyo mbonera cya biti

(1) Kuburyo bwo kunanirwa kwa bito, birakenewe kunonosora imiterere yabyo uhereye kubishushanyo mbonera. Igishushanyo mbonera cyibipimo bya PDC biti birimo guca Inguni α. Uruhande Inguni β. azimuth Inguni γ. nibindi γ bivuga Inguni hagati yicyerekezo cyerekana umurongo wa menyo ya PDC n'umurongo wo hagati wa biti. α bivuga Inguni iri hagati yicyerekezo cyerekana umurongo wa PDC nindege ikora ya kata. nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 5. nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 6. Ubushakashatsi bwibanze nisesengura ryuzuye ryerekana byerekana ko gukata Inguni nu mpande Inguni ya PDC ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima no gucukura biti. kandi birakenewe kunonosora igishushanyo cya biti ukurikije ibice bitandukanye byo gucukura. Gukata Inguni bizagira ingaruka cyane kubikorwa byo gucukura. cyangwa nta mashusho namba; Niba gukata Inguni ari nto cyane. gukata PDC bikunda kumeneka nibindi bintu. Kubwibyo. igishushanyo mbonera kigomba gusuzumwa neza mugihe uhitamo ibipimo bya gahunda uhitamo gukata mu buryo buringaniye Inguni no kuruhande aho gushushanya.

. Ubwiza bwibikoresho bya PDC bigira uruhare runini mubucukuzi bwa PDC, kuko bugena neza imikorere yabyo no kubaho. Ikintu gikomeye mukuzamura ireme rya PDC ni ugukuraho imihangayiko isigaye kumurongo uhuza hagati ya diyama na matrike ya karbide ya sima. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko guhangayikishwa cyane no gukata kwa PDC bifite imiterere yimiterere ya planar byibanze hafi yimpande zombi ziyi interineti, hamwe nimpagarara zikomeye hamwe nimpagarara zogosha zibera kumpera ya diyama. Kubaho guhangayika cyane birashobora gutera kuvunika bidasanzwe muri PDC, mugihe guhangayika gukata ari intandaro yambere yo gusibanganya ibice bya PDC.

(3) Usibye gukuraho imihangayiko isigaye mu bice bya PDC, ubuvuzi bwa kabiri burashobora kurushaho kuzamura ireme ryabo. Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwibanze bwo kuvura hejuru burimo gusya diyama, gusya ku nkombe, no gutunganya imashini. Guhitamo ibice bya PDC birashobora gutezimbere hashingiwe kumikorere nyayo.

2.2 Guhitamo neza imyitozo ya bits

Kugeza ubu, bits ya PDC ikoreshwa mubikorwa byo gucukura umwobo hirya no hino mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ahanini igaragaramo igishushanyo mbonera cy'amababa atatu. Nyamara, guhitamo ibi bits akenshi usanga bigarukira kandi bikabura ibyiciro, bikavamo uburyo bumwe-bumwe-bwose budahuza neza ibisabwa byihariye mubyiciro bitandukanye. Ibi nibibazo cyane cyane mubihe bigoye byo gushiraho, aho bisanzwe bitsindagira bitoroshye kugirango bitange umusaruro ushimishije, biganisha kubuzima buke kandi bigabanye gukora neza. Uku kudakora neza ntikwongera ibiciro byumusaruro gusa ariko birashobora no guhungabanya gahunda yubwubatsi no guteza igihombo gikomeye mubukungu. Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa guhitamo imyitozo ikwiye ijyanye nuburyo butandukanye.

Ubucukuzi bwa PDC burashobora gushyirwa mubice bibiri byingenzi bishingiye kubintu bito byumubiri: ubwoko bwibyuma nubwoko bwipine. Imibiri yubwoko bwibyuma itunganywa cyane cyane muburyo bwa mashini, itanga ubukana bwiza butuma bikenerwa mubikorwa bisanzwe byo gucukura. Ibinyuranye, imibiri yo mu bwoko bwa tine iracumurwa hifashishijwe ifu ya metallurgie, itanga imbaraga zo kwihanganira kwambara neza kubikorwa byo gucukura amabuye cyangwa imirimo yagutse. Byongeye kandi, bits ya drill irashobora gushyirwa mubice bitandukanye, harimo imbere yimbere, inguni ya arc, hasi hasi, scraper, nibindi nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 7. ToothGutandukanya amenyo yatunganijwe ya arc biti bivamo ubwinshi bw amenyo no kunoza imikorere yo gucukura mugihe ukorana ninzego-zikomeye kandi hejuru; ShapeIminwa yiminwa ya etage-hepfo ya bito iringaniye, ityaza impande zayo kugirango byorohereze - iki gishushanyo gikoreshwa cyane muburyo bwo gucukura icyerekezo; ScIbikoresho bisakara mubisanzwe biranga imiterere ihuriweho itanga ubukana bukabije kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubice byoroheje cyangwa kubaka amakara.

Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya PDC muri iki gihe bwaravuzwe mu ncamake kandi butegurwa, hamwe n'ibipimo byo gutoranya ibice bya PDC mu bihe bitandukanye byo gukora no gushinga, nk'uko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1 kugira ngo ikoreshwe.

3. Gukoresha Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro PDC Kwirinda

Usibye guhitamo neza imyitozo ya bits, ni ngombwa cyane gukoresha neza ibyo bikoresho. Bitewe n’imiterere y’imyubakire itoroshye mu birombe by’amakara, abakozi bakunze guhatanira gukurikiza byimazeyo amabwiriza y’imikorere ya PDC, bikavamo inshuro nyinshi kunanirwa bito kubera gufata nabi. Mu rwego rwo kuzamura imikorere yubucukuzi, ahantu hacukurwa amabuye y'agaciro hashobora kongera uburemere bitarenze mugihe cyibikorwa, biganisha kunanirwa hakiri kare. Gukoresha neza bits ya PDC birashobora guhindura imikorere yabo no kugabanya ibiciro byumusaruro. Hagomba kwitonderwa ibitekerezo bikurikira mugihe ukoresheje bits ya PDC:

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(3) Iyo ukora ibikorwa byo gucukura, ni ngombwa kugenzura umuvuduko wibiryo kugirango wirinde impanuka ziterwa numuvuduko ukabije uri mu mwobo.

(4) Nyamuneka koresha tekinike yo gucukura amazi meza, wirinde gucukura byumye cyangwa igitutu cyumuyaga. Mbere yo gutangira ibikorwa byo gucukura igitutu, menya neza ko amazi agenda neza mu mwobo kugirango wirinde impanuka zishobora gutwikwa munsi yacyo.

(5) Mugihe ukuyemo bito, menya neza kwirinda gukomera cyangwa gukubita PDC. Byongeye kandi, witondere kudakubita icyuma cyumubiri cya bito.

4. Umwanzuro

Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bwizewe kandi bunoze bwabaye insanganyamatsiko nkuru yunganira inganda zamakara. Gukoresha neza PDC bits kubikorwa byo gucukura munsi yubutaka mu birombe byamakara bifite akamaro kanini. Uru rupapuro rusesengura uburyo bwo kunanirwa gucukura PDC bits, rusobanura impamvu nyamukuru zitera uburyo butandukanye bwo gutsindwa. Itanga uburyo bwiza bwo gushushanya no gutoranya ingamba za bits mu bihe bitandukanye byakazi ndetse n’imiterere ya geologiya, mu gihe ivuga mu ncamake ingamba zo kubikoresha, bityo bigatanga ibisobanuro byerekana uburyo bwiza bwo gutoranya no gukoresha amabuye y'agaciro ya PDC. Guhitamo ubushishozi no gukoresha neza ubucukuzi bwa PDC burashobora gukora neza, kugabanya imyanda y’umutungo, no kongera umutekano, imikorere, hamwe n’ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije mu bucukuzi bw’amakara.