Optimal Sarudzo yePDC Bits yeMarasha Mining
Kuvakwa kweBorehole inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya tekinoroji yekudzora gasi, kudzivirira kukuvadzwa kwemvura, uye kuongorora geological mumigodhi yemarasha, iyo inoita basa rakakosha mukuona kuchengetedzeka uye kugona kwekugadzirwa kwemarasha. MuChina, makumi emamiriyoni emamita emakomba ekuchera anogadzirwa gore negore mumigodhi yemarasha. Kuvaka kunoda tsigiro yemidziyo yekucheresa yakaita sezvibhorani, mapaipi ekuchera, uye mabhiti ekuchera. Pakati pazvo, madhiri akakosha maturusi ekuumba zvakananga makomba uye matombo ekupwanya.
Iyo Poly crystalline diamond composite sheet (PDC) inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumigodhi mabhiti nekuda kwekusiyana kwayo kupfeka kuramba uye zvinoyemurika kukanganisa kusimba.PDC zvikamuKuchera kwakareba kwenguva refu uye kuwedzera kugona kwekupinda kana kuchishandiswa mumatombo akaomeswa ari pakati nepakati uye akaderera, zvichizopa pundutso mune zveupfumi mukuchera mugodhi wemarasha. Kana tichienzaniswa nekuchera oiri, kuchera marasha kune hunyanzvi hwekuita kuti usadhure, ushande nguva, uye usiri kugadzirwa zvakanyanya, DC inogadzirwa zvakanyanya. kuda.
Matambudziko akatarisana nawo mumigodhiPDC zvikamuzvinosanganisira: ①Kupinda kwemugodhi PDC bits kwakadzikira, paine vagadziri vakawanda vanopa mazinga akasiyana emhando. ②Mashandisirwo uye zvinodiwa zvekuchera pasi pevhu mumigodhi yemarasha zvinoratidza kusaenzana kuri pachena, ukuwo kupatsanurwa kwemigodhi yePDC bits kwakaoma uye kwakasiyana. Pamusoro pazvo, pane kushomeka kwezvido zvekusarudza zvine hungwaru uye zvine musoro mumashandisirwo anotevera.③Nekuwanda kuri kuwedzera kwenzvimbo dzakaomarara mumigodhi yemarasha, migodhi yePDC yakajairika inotadza kuzadzisa zvinodiwa pakuvaka zvekuchera pachezvake, zvinokonzeresa kufambira mberi zvishoma nezvishoma kana kushaikwa zvachose kwemamiriro ekuvakwa kwemugodhi.④ kudhirowa nevashandi vekuvaka dzimwe nguva kungava kwakaoma.
Kuitira kusimudzira kushanda zvakanaka kwemigodhiPDC zvikamu, bepa rino rinopa kuongororwa kwakadzama kwekutanga kukundikana modhi uye inoongorora zvikonzero zvinokonzeresa zveimwe neimwe nzira yekutadza. Pamusoro pezvo, kurudziro dzinoshanda dzinokurudzirwa kusarudza zvine hungwaru uye nekuchenjera kushandiswa kwemabhiti aya.
1.Kuongorora kweFomu uye Zvikonzero zvePDC Bit Kukundikana muMigodhi
Parizvino, zvikamu zvemigodhi yePDC bits zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira biti body, PDC cutters, gauge alloys, uye zvimwe zvikamu sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 1. PDC cutters uye gauge alloys zvinosungirirwa pane bit body kuti zvive nechokwadi chekubatanidzwa kwavo kwakachengeteka. Munguva yenguva dzose yekuchera, tsvimbo yedhiri inotumira torque uye kudzvinyirirwa kwekudya kuzasi kwegomba painopindirana nebhiti rekuchera. Iyo nzira yekucheka dombo inoitwa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwePDC cutters pane dhiri bhiti. Pamusoro pezvo, gauge alloys inochengetedza kubva pakupfeka zvakanyanya nekuchengetedza kutenderera kwekuvimbika kwemuviri diki. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti zvinhu zvakasiyana senge mauto akaomesesa anochekwa pagomba pasi panguva yekucheka dombo nePDC bit, shanduko yemaitiro ekuumbwa, kusarudzwa kwemaitiro ekuvaka nemidziyo, kugona kushanda kwevashandi vanobatanidzwa mumabasa ekuvaka pamwe chete nematanho ekudzora emhando yemabhiti pachavo anogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kushanda kwechikumbiro zvinotungamira kune dzakasiyana siyana dzekukundikana kwezvimedu izvi. Kuburikidza neongororo yakaitwa panzvimbo dzekuchera migodhi yemarasha, takapfupikisa nekuongorora nzira dzakasiyana dzekutadza uye zvikonzero zvikuru zvine chekuita nePDC zvikamu.
1.1 Iyo PDC cutter kutadza kunoitika kana iyo PDC yakanyungudika pasi pekushisa kwakanyanya uye yakanyanya kudzvanywa mamiriro. Pepa remubatanidzwa rine zvinhu zviviri zvikuru: dhaimondi layer uye carbide matrix, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 2.
Iwo ekutanga kutadza modes ePDC cutters anosanganisira akajairwa kupfeka, kubhururuka, kudonha kweblade, uye delamination.
(1) Kupfeka uye kubvarura nguva dzose
Chiitiko chekupfeka kwakajairwa imhando yekukuvara kwakajairwa kunoitika muPDC cutters panguva yekucheka dombo, inonyanya kuratidzwa neyakakura macroscopic kugaya kurasikirwa mune ese madhaimondi layer uye simende carbide matrix yevacheki, pasina chero twunobuda twuno tyokera pakugaya.
(2) Chipo chinodonha
Chiitiko chekudonha kwechip chinoitika apo PDC cutters inobvisa kubva kubhiti muviri, zvichikonzera kutadza. Chimiro chakatanhamara kupatsanurwa kwakazara kwePDC cutters kubva kune bit body, isina alloy yakasara inowanikwa mugomba umo welding pakati pebit body nePDC cutters inoitika.
Zvikonzero zvekutanga zvinokonzeresa kuderera kwekudonha kwefirimu:
① Tembiricha yakakwira pazasi pechibhorani inotungamira kune zvipingamupinyi mukuoma kwekuchera kuvaka tekinoroji kana kuumbwa kweplug yemvura panguva yekuchera, ukuwo ichitadzisa kutonhora nenguva kwevanocheka vePDC pachibhorani panguva yekumhanya-mhanya kwedombo rekucheka. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kune kukwira kukuru kwekushisa pazasi pegomba, iyo inogona kudarika yakanyanya kupisa tembiricha ye solder uye inokonzeresa kunyungudika kwe solder uye kunotevera kusungwa kwePDC cutters.
② Kudzora kweiyo drill welding process haina kuomesesa zvakakwana. Muchigadziro chekugadzirisa, pane kushayikwa kwekuchenesa kwakakodzera kusati kwave nekuputika, kukanganiswa kwemagetsi kana kusakwana kwekugadzirisa gasi, uye kusinganzwisisike kuchengetedza kupisa kwekushisa kana nguva isina kukwana mushure mekuputika, izvo zvose zvinogona kuguma nekuputika zvishoma. Kunze kwekuda vagadziri kuti vanyatso gadzirisa maitiro ekugadzira (kunyanya iyo PDC cutter welding process) kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti yakazara uye yakasimba welds, zvinodikanwa zvakare kujekesa maitiro ekudhiraivha ekuvaka nekusarudza kuchera mvura pese pazvinogoneka uye kudzivirira yakaoma kuchera kuvakwa. Pakuchera gomba rakadzika, inofanirwa kuve nechokwadi kuti mvura inodzoka isati yawedzera kuchera tsvimbo. Pamusoro pezvo, nguva yega yega usati wapinza chibooreso pasi pegomba, zvakakosha kutarisa kana paine zvipingamupinyi kuitira kudzivirira kuvharika.
(3) Kutyoka kweblade
Kutyoka kwedhaimani layer muPDC cutters inomiririra nzira yakawandisa yekutadza kwePDC zvikamu. Chimiro chechimiro cheiyi kutadza modhi kutsemuka kwenzvimbo kwedhaimani layer, nedzimwe nguva zvichikonzera kuputsika panguva imwe chete padivi pecarbide matrix.
Zvikonzero zvikuru zvekuputsika kwePDC:
① Iyo yekucheka yakasarudzwa zvichienderana nehunhu hweiyo PDC cutter inoratidza kushomeka kwemaitiro kuramba. Iko kusanganiswa kwesimba re tungsten carbide (WC) uye diamond micro-powder haina kukwana, zvichiita kuti iite kukundikana pasi pekunetseka kwekutsemuka kwedombo;
② Zvinhu zvine chekuita nemaitiro ekuvaka zvinoratidza kuti kumanikidzwa kwekuvaka-panzvimbo kwakakwira zvakanyanya. Kudzvinyirirwa kunoitwa nePDC cutter padiki zvakanyanya kudarika muganho wekutemerwa, zvichitungamira mukupunzika kwedhaimondi layer uye kunotevera kudonha kwekucheka kumucheto.
③ Zvinhu zvine chekuita nekuumbwa kwakaomarara zvinoratidza kuti panguva yekuvakwa kweakaomesesa, akatsemuka maumbirwo, kukanganiswa kwePDC cutters kunodarika kusimba kwavo, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukudonha kwekucheka.
④ Dhizaini yeiyo bit cut angle haina kukwana, sezvo isinganamate kune musimboti wekuti kuumbwa kwakaomarara kunoda hombe yekucheka kona. Mukuvakwa kwemaitiro akaoma, kona yekucheka maduku inogona kukonzera simba rakawandisa paPDC cutter, pakupedzisira zvichiita kuparara kwekucheka.
⑤ Zvimwe zvinhu zvinoratidza kuti kurongeka kwemabhaudhi netambo dzeanchor mumigwagwa yepasi pevhu kunoita kuti chiboorero chidonha kana chasangana nezvinhu izvi. Kuti udzivise kutadza kuita zvishoma, zvakakosha kwete kungoomerera kune maitiro akatsanangurwa mugwaro rekuraira kwekuchera asiwo kugadzira nekusarudza chibooreso zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekuumbwa. Kunyanya, kana uchichera mune dzakaoma mafomu, zvinokurudzirwa kuwedzera kona yekucheka yebhiti zvakakodzera, kuderedza hukasha hwayo, uye kuwedzera kuchengetedzwa kweiyo bit. Pamusoro pezvo, kusarudza maPDC cutters ane kusimba kwepamusoro kunokurudzirwa kana uchichera kuburikidza neakaomeswa akatsemuka maumbirwo kana kushandura chimiro chekunze chedhaimani rekucheka kuti uvandudze kusimba; semuenzaniso, akakomberedzwa ePDC cutters anowanzo ratidza zvirinani kupikisa pane mhando dzakapfava. Uyezve, marongerwo ane musoro emakomba panguva yekuvaka anofanirwa kuitwa kudzivirira kudhiriwa mumabhaudhi netambo dzeanchor.
(4) Delamination
Delamination inoreva kuvharwa kwedhaimondi kubva kune yakasimwa carbide matrix muPDC akaumbwa mapepa, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 3.
Chikonzero chikuru chekudonhedza mudhaimondi yePDC cutters ndiko kushushikana kwakanyanya kuripo pakati pedhaimani layer uye simende ye carbide matrix, pamwe chete nemusiyano wakakura mumakobikisheni avo ekuwedzera kwekupisa. Munguva yekucheka dombo, iyo yedhaimani layer uye simende carbide matrix inosangana neasynchronous contraction nekuda kwekunetsekana kwekupisa kunokonzerwa nekupishana kwekupisa uye kutonhora kubva kumvura yekuwachisa. Mhedzisiro inokonzeresa kuremerwa uye kusara kushushikana kunotungamira mukupeuka kwedhaimondi layer kubva kune carbide matrix, pakupedzisira zvichikonzera kudhirowa kutadza. Kuti uderedze delamination, zvakakosha kuti usarudze akakodzera ekubatanidza zvinhu uye matekinoroji ekugadzirisa anogadzirisa kusara kwekushushikana pakati pezvinhu zviviri izvi panguva yekugadzira. Pamusoro pezvo, kugadzira chimiro chitsva cheiyo matrix inogona kusimudzira zvivakwa zvekubatanidza pakati pedhaimondi layer uye simende carbide matrix.
1.2 Kudonha kwemuviri kunokanganisa kunonyanya kuratidzwa nekutsemuka kweblade mumutumbi wekuchera, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 4.
Kutyoka kweblade kwebhiti muviri kunowanzoitika mubhiti remuviri uye simbi inoruma haiwanzo kuitika. Zvikonzero zvekutsemuka kweblade yebhiti muviri ndezvizvi zvinotevera: ① Kurova blade yebhiti muviri paunenge uchisunungura bhiti nekuti korona yemuviri bhiti inoputirwa nehupfu metallurgy process panguva imwe. zvichienzaniswa neyakajairwa simbi muviri bit. iyo bit body bit ine yakakwirira kupfeka resistance. asi kuoma kwezvinhu zvemuviri kunoderedzwawo uye zviri nyore kutyora blade yebhiti body pakusunungura bhiti; ② Kudzora kweiyo bit sintering process haina kuomarara. uye sintered bit body is entrainment and the metal powder inotadza kuumba alloy.Kuitira kudzivirira blade kutyoka. mushandisi aive nani maturusi ekushandisa senge pliers yemazino kubatsira cheni pakusunungura chibooreso. kuitira kuti urege kugogodza banga; Chechipiri. vagadziri vanofanira kunyatso kudzora kunaka kwemuviri we sintered. kwete chete kunyatso kudzora muitiro sintering. asiwo kutarisa hupfu hwesimbi nguva nenguva kuti uone kuti hupfu hunosangana nezvinodiwa.
2. Yakagadziridzwa Dhizaini uye Inonzwisisika Kusarudzwa kweMigodhi PDC Bit
2.1 Optimization dhizaini ye drill bit
(1) Kune yekutadza fomu yebhiti, zvinodikanwa kukwirisa chimiro chayo kubva pakudhizaina dhizaini. Iwo makuru ekugadzira ma paramita ePDC bit anosanganisira kucheka Angle α. divi Rekona β. azimuth Angle γ. etc. γ inoreva Angle pakati peinongedzo referensi mutsara wePDC mazino nepakati mutsara webhiti. α inoreva Angle pakati peinotarisisa mutsara wePDC zino uye ndege inoshanda yeanocheka. sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 5. β inoreva Angle pakati pendege kuburikidza nepakati pepakati uye mutsara wepakati webhiti uye ndege yekushanda yekucheka. sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 6. Kutsvakurudza kwekutanga uye kuongororwa kwekushandiswa kwakazara kunoratidza kuti kucheka Angle uye side Angle yePDC cutters inogona kukanganisa zvakananga hupenyu uye kuchera kushanda kwebit. uye zvinodikanwa kukwirisa dhizaini yebhiti zvinoenderana neakasiyana maumbirwo ekuchera. Kucheka Angle dhizaini ichakanganisa zvakanyanya kudhirowa kwekuita. kana kunyange pasina mifananidzo zvachose; Kana iyo yekucheka Angle iri diki. iyo PDC yekucheka mupendero inokonzeresa kuputsika uye zvimwe zviitiko. Naizvozvo. iyo dhizaini dhizaini inofanirwa kutariswa zvakazara pakusarudza iyo parameter chirongwa ichisarudza ine mwero yekucheka Angle uye padivi Engi pane pane zvisina kujairika dhizaini.
(2) Pamusoro pekugadzirisa kona yekucheka kweiyo bhiti, zvakakosha kuti uwedzere PDC cutters. Hunhu hwePDC cutters hunokanganisa zvakanyanya migodhi yePDC bits, sezvo inosarudza zvakananga maitiro avo ekucheka uye hupenyu. Chinhu chakakosha mukusimudzira kunaka kwePDC ndiko kubviswa kwekushushikana kwasara pakubatana pakati pedhaimani layer uye simende carbide matrix. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti yakanyanya kushushikana muPDC cutters ine planar interface chimiro inonangana padyo nemativi ese eiyi interface, ine peak tensile uye shear kushushikana kunoitika kumucheto kwedhaimani layer. Kuvapo kwekunetseka kwekunetseka kunogona kutungamira mukutsemuka zvisina kujairika muPDC, nepo shear stress inoshanda sechikonzero chikuru chekudonha muPDC cutters.
(3) Pamusoro pekubvisa kushushikana kwakasara muPDC cutters, kurapwa kwechipiri kunogona kuwedzera kunaka kwavo. Parizvino, nzira dzekutanga dzekurapa dzepamusoro dzinosanganisira kukuya pamusoro pedhaimondi, kumucheto chamfering, uye kugadzira machining. Kusarudzwa kwePDC cutters kunogona kugadziriswa zvichienderana nemamiriro chaiwo ekushanda.
2.2 Sarudzo inonzwisisika yezviboorero
Parizvino, mabhiti ePDC anoshandiswa mukuchera gomba munzvimbo zhinji dzemigodhi anonyanya kuratidza dhizaini ine mapapiro matatu. Zvisinei, kusarudzwa kwezvimedu izvi kunowanzove kwakaganhurirwa uye kunoshaikwa kupatsanurwa, zvichiita kuti pave nemwero-umwechete-inopindirana-yese nzira iyo isinganyatsogadzirisa zvinodikanwa zvemhando dzakasiyana. Izvi zvinonyanya kunetsa pasi pemamiriro ekugadzirisa akaomarara, apo mabheti akajairwa anotamburira kuti abudise mashandiro anogutsa, zvichiita kuti hupenyu hupfupike uye kuderera kwekuchera. Kusashanda zvakanaka kwakadaro hakungokwidzi mitengo yekugadzira asi kunogona kukanganisa zvirongwa zvekuvaka uye kuunza kurasikirwa kukuru kwehupfumi. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti usarudze mabheti akakodzera anoenderana neakasiyana mamiriro ekuumbwa.
Migodhi yePDC bits inogona kuiswa mumhando mbiri huru zvichienderana nechinhu chidiki chemuviri: mhando yesimbi uye rudzi rwetai. Simbi-mhando bit miviri inonyanyogadziriswa kuburikidza nemakanika nzira, ichipa kusimba kwakanaka kunoita kuti ive yakakodzera kune yakajairwa kudhirowa mabasa. Kusiyana neizvi, mitumbi yemhando yematoyi yakanyungudutswa ichishandisa poda metallurgy maitiro, ichipa yakakwira kupfeka kuramba kwakanakira kudhirowa kwedombo rakaoma kana mabasa akawedzerwa ekuchera. Pamusoro pezvo, zvibooreso zvinogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira mukati concave, arc corner, flat bottom, scraper, nezvimwe sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 7. ①Iyo concave structure design ye concave bit inosimudzira kutwasanudza panguva yezvakajairwa kuumbwa kwekuvaka; ②Kurongeka kwemazino akapararira kwearc bit kunokonzeresa kuwanda kwemazino uye kukwenenzverwa kwekuchera kana uchishanda nepakati-yakaoma strata uye pamusoro; ③Maumbirwo emuromo wechikamu chakati sandara-pazasi chinenge chakati sandara, chinorodza mipendero yemativi kuti zviite kutsveta-magadzirirwo aya anonyanya kushandiswa pakuchera kwakananga; ④Iyo scraper bit inowanzo ratidza chimiro checonical chinopa hukasha hukuru uye inonyanya kushandiswa mune yakapfava strata kana marasha seam zvivakwa.
Ikozvino migodhi yePDC bits yakapfupikiswa uye yakarongeka, pamwe chete nesarudzo yePDC bits pasi pemamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekushanda uye maumbirwo, sezvinoratidzwa muTebhu 1 kuti ionekwe.
3. Kushandiswa kweMigodhi PDC Bit Precautions
Pamusoro pekunyatsosarudza mabhiti ekudhirowa, zvakakosha zvakaenzana kushandisa maturusi aya nemazvo. Nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ekuvaka mumigodhi yemarasha, vashandi vanowanzoomerwa nekunyatsotevedzera PDC bit operation nhungamiro, zvichikonzera nguva zhinji kutadza kushanda zvakanaka nekuda kwekubata zvisina kunaka. Mukuedza kusimudzira kugona kuchera, dzimwe nzvimbo dzemigodhi dzinogona kuwedzera huremu zvisina tsarukano panguva yekushanda, zvichizokonzera kutadza kuita nguva isati yakwana. Kushandisa PDC mabhiti nemazvo kunogona kukwidziridza kuita kwavo uye kuderedza mutengo wekugadzira. Kuchenjerera kunofanira kupihwa kune zvinotevera kufunga kana uchishandisa PDC bits:
(1) Chenjerera kuhukama hwemagiredhi pakati pePDC bhiti nechibooreso chekushandisa, kuve nechokwadi chekuti dhayamita yekuchera pombi haienderane nediki dhayamita yekuchera pombi, uye dhayamita diki yekuchera pombi haienderane nehombe dhayamita yekuchera.
(2) Nzira yakanakisa ndeyekushandisa buri rehunyanzvi kana chibooreso chachembera pakuvaka dendere, ukuwo uchiona kuti kuchera kunodzivirira padhuze nemabhaudhi eparutivi, tambo dzeanchor, nezvimwe zvipinganidzo zvakafanana.
(3) Paunenge uchiita mabasa ekuchera, zvakakosha kudzora kudzvinyirirwa kwekudya kuitira kudzivirira njodzi dzinokonzerwa nekudzvinyirira kwakanyanya mukati megomba.
(4) Ndapota shandisai nzira yekuchera mvura yakachena, kurega kuchera kwakaoma kana kudhonza mhepo. Usati watanga basa rekuchera, chengetedza kutenderera kwemvura kwakaringana mukati megomba kudzivirira zviitiko zvinobvira pahwaro hwaro.
(5) Paunenge uchibvisa bhiti, ita shuwa kudzivirira kusungirira kana kurova PDC cutter. Uyezve, chenjerera kuti usarove blade yemuviri webhiti.
4. Mhedziso
Kucherwa kwemarasha kwakachengeteka uye kwakanyatsoshanda kwagara kuri dingindira rinotsigirwa neindasitiri yemarasha. Kushandisa PDC zvimedu zvekuchera pasi pevhu mumigodhi yemarasha zvine kukosha kukuru. Iri bepa rinoongorora kutadza nzira dzemigodhi yePDC bits, kujekesa zvikonzero zvekutanga kuseri kwemafomu akasiyana ekutadza. Inopa mazano akakwana ekugadzira nekusarudza mabhiti pasi pemamiriro ekushanda akasiyana uye maumbirwo ejooloji, uku ichipfupikisa matanho ekuchengetedza mashandisirwo azvo, zvichipa chirevo chekuvandudza kusarudzwa uye kushandiswa kwemigodhi yePDC bits. Sarudzo ine hungwaru uye mashandisirwo ezvicherwa zvePDC zvimedu zvinogona kuwedzera kushanda kwawo, kuderedza kutambisa zviwanikwa, uye kuwedzera kuchengetedzwa, kushanda zvakanaka, uye maitiro ane hushamwari mumigodhi yemarasha.