Chii Inner Workings of Drilling Equipment Valves: Kuchengeta Kudzora uye Kuchengetedza

suma:

Munyika yakaoma yemidziyo yekuchera, akawanda akakosha zvikamu zvinoshanda zvisina mutsetse pamwe chete kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwakanaka. Pakati pawo, mavharuvhu anoita basa rakakosha mukudzora kuyerera kwemvura, kuchengetedza kudzvanywa, uye kunyange kudzora mamiriro ekukurumidzira. Iyi bhurogi inotarisa zvakadzama ma mechanics uye basa remavharuvhu, nekusimbisa kwakakosha pakukosha kwavo mu.wellheadsuye kutonga zvakanaka.

Mavharuvhu mumidziyo yekuchera:

Varuvhu chinhu chinoshandiswa kudzora kuyerera kwemvura, gasi kana slurry. Mumidziyo yekuchera, yakakosha pakugadzirisa kuyerera kwedhaka rekuchera, mvura yakasarudzika inobatsira mukuchera. Aya mavharuvhu anoratidzwa kune zvakanyanya kudzvinyirira, tembiricha yakakwira uye zvinhu zvinoparadza; saka, dzinofanirwa kunge dzakasimba, dzakavimbika uye dzisingagone kupfeka uye kubvaruka.

Wellhead uye mavharuvhu:

Wellhead zvishandiso chikamu chakakosha chepamusoro pemafuta kana gasi tsime uye inopa inodiwa kudzora kudzvinyirira paunenge uchichera. Patsime,mavharuvhukuita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza kudzora nekudzivirira kuvhuvhuta kunotyisa kana kuburitswa kusingadzoreki kwemahydrocarbon. Mhando mbiri dzemavharuvhu anowanzoshandiswa mumatsime ndeaya "gedhi mavharuvhu"uye" throttle valves.

1. Gedhi vharafu:

Vhuru yegedhi ivharuvhu inofamba inovhura nekusimudza gedhi kunze kwenzira yekuyerera kwemvura. Iyo inopa inoshanda pa/kudzima kutonga kwetsime uye inowanzoshandiswa panguva yekuchera. Mavharuvhu egedhi akagadzirirwa kumirisana nekumanikidza kwakanyanya uye kudzivirira fluid backflow. Iwo anowanzo kuwanikwa pazasi pechitubu uye anoita sechipingamupinyi pakurwisa chero kusingatarisirwe kuvhiya.

2. Throttle valve:

 Ivhavhavha, iyo inozivikanwawo sevhavha yekudzora, inobatsira kudzora uye kudzora kuyerera kwemvura kuburikidza nemusoro wetsime. Inogona kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana kuchengetedza kuyerera kunodiwa uye kudzvinyirira panguva yekuchera. Iri rudzi rwevharuvhu rinoita basa rakakosha mukudzikisa zvinogoneka kudzora zviitiko, kudzvanya kudzvinyirira kwakanyanya, nekudzivirira kutadza kwemidziyo.

Well Control uye Valve Mabasa:

 Zvakanaka kutongandiyo nzira yekuchengetedza kumanikidzwa uye kuyerera kwemvura mukati memiganhu yakachengeteka panguva yekuchera mabasa. Pano, vharuvhu inopinda mukutamba kuita mabasa maviri makuru:

1. Blowout preventer (BOP) valve:

BOP mavharuvhu anoonekwa seyekupedzisira mutsara wekudzivirira kubva kusingadzore kuyerera. Aya mavharuvhu akaiswa pamusoro pechitsime, achipa imwe nhanho yekuchengetedza. Vanovhara matsime emafuta munguva dzekukurumidzira, vachinyatso kudzivirira kuvhuvhuta. Hydraulic actuators inogona kukurumidza kuvhara iyo blowout inodzivirira vharafu kuti iparadzanise tsime kubva kune pamusoro pemidziyo.

2. Annular blowout preventer valve:

Annular BOPs anoshandisa flexible elastomeric seals kuvhara nzvimbo pakati pepombi yekuchera uye tsime. Aya mavharuvhu anobatsira kudzora kudzvanywa uye akakosha kune tsime rekudzora mashandiro, kunyanya panguva yekuchera uye kupedza mabasa.

Mukupedzisa:

Mavharuvhu mumidziyo yekuchera, kunyanya mumatsime uye masisitimu ekudzora matsime, anoita basa rakakosha mukudzivirira tsaona, kuchengetedza kudzvanywa kunodiwa uye kudzora kuyerera kwemvura. Kunzwisisa kushanda kwayo uye kuve nechokwadi kuvimbika kwayo kwakakosha pakuchengetedza uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekuchera. Sezvo tekinoroji ichienderera mberi, mavharuvhu pasina mubvunzo acharamba achishanduka kuti ape huwandu hwakakura hwekutonga, chengetedzo uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.