Yini Ukusebenza Kwangaphakathi Kwezisetshenziswa Zokubhola: Ukugcina Ukulawula Nokuphepha

Yethula:

Ezweni eliyinkimbinkimbi lemishini yokumba, izingxenye eziningi ezibalulekile zisebenza ngaphandle komthungo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle. Phakathi kwazo, ama-valve adlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukugeleza koketshezi, ukugcina umfutho, ngisho nokulawula izimo eziphuthumayo. Le bhulogi izobhekisisa ngokujulile ukukhanda nokusebenza kwamavalvu, ngokugcizelela ngokukhethekile ukubaluleka kwawoamakhandanokulawula kahle.

Amavalvu emishini yokumba:

I-valve iyithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukulawula ukugeleza koketshezi, igesi noma udaka. Emishinini yokumba, ibalulekile ekulawuleni ukugeleza kodaka lokumba, uketshezi olukhethekile olusiza ekusebenzeni kokumba. Lawa ma-valve abhekene nokucindezela okukhulu, amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nezinto ezibolayo; ngakho-ke, kufanele ziqine, zithembeke futhi zimelane nokuguga.

Ama-Wellhead nama-valve:

Amadivaysi e-Wellhead ayingxenye ebalulekile yobuso bomthombo kawoyela noma wegesi futhi ahlinzeka ngokulawula ukucindezela okudingekayo ngenkathi kubhobozwa. Emthonjeni,ama-valveidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukulawula nokuvimbela ukuqhunyiswa okuyinhlekelele noma ukukhishwa okungalawuleki kwama-hydrocarbon. Izinhlobo ezimbili zama-valve ezivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-wellheads yilezi "ama-valve esango"kanye "nama-throttle valves."

1. Ivalvu yesango:

I-valve yesango iyi-valve yokunyakaza eqondile evuleka ngokuphakamisa isango ngaphandle kwendlela yokugeleza kwamanzi. Ihlinzeka ngokulawula okusebenzayo kokuvula/ukuvala umthombo futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziswa phakathi nesigaba sokumba. Ama-valve esango aklanyelwe ukumelana nezingcindezi eziphezulu futhi avimbele ukugeleza koketshezi emuva. Ngokuvamile zitholakala ngaphansi kwesihloko somthombo futhi zisebenza njengesivimbelo kunoma yikuphi ukukhuphuka okungalindelekile.

2. I-throttle valve:

 I-valve yokuvala, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-valve yokulawula, isiza ukukhawulela nokulawula ukugeleza koketshezi ngesihloko somthombo. Ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ukuze kugcinwe ukugeleza okudingekayo nokucindezela ngesikhathi sokumba. Lolu hlobo lwe-valve ludlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni izigameko ezingase zibe khona zokulawula kahle, ukucindezela ukucindezela okukhulu, nokuvimbela ukwehluleka kwemishini.

Ukulawula kahle kanye nemisebenzi ye-Valve:

 Ukulawula kahleinqubo yokugcina ingcindezi nokugeleza koketshezi ngaphakathi kwemingcele ephephile ngesikhathi sokumba. Lapha, i-valve iqala ukusebenza ukuze ifeze imisebenzi emibili eyinhloko:

1. Ivalvu yokuvimbela ukuqhuma (BOP):

Ama-valve e-BOP abhekwa njengomugqa wokugcina wokuzivikela ekugelezeni okungalawulwa. Lawa ma-valve afakwe ngaphezu kwe-wellhead, ehlinzeka ngezinga elengeziwe lokuphepha. Bavimba imithombo kawoyela ezimeni eziphuthumayo, bavimbele ngokuphumelelayo ukuqhuma. Ama-actuator angama-hydraulic angavala ngokushesha i-valve yokuvimbela ukuvuthuza ukuze ahlukanise umthombo ezintweni ezisebenza ngaphandle.

2. I-valve yokuvimbela ukuvuthwa kwe-annular:

Ama-BOP annular asebenzisa izigxivizo ze-elastomeric eziguquguqukayo ukuze avale isikhala phakathi kwepayipi lokubhoboza nomthombo. Lawa ma-valve asiza ukulawula ukucindezela futhi abalulekile ekusebenzeni kokulawula umthombo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokumba nokuqeda imisebenzi.

Ekuphetheni:

Amavalvu emishini yokumba, ikakhulukazi kuma-wellheads kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula imithombo, adlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni izingozi, ukugcina ingcindezi edingekayo kanye nokulawula ukugeleza koketshezi. Ukuqonda ukusebenza kwayo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwayo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuphephile nokusebenzayo kokumba. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, ama-valve ngokungangabazeki azoqhubeka nokuvela ukuze anikeze amazinga amakhulu okulawula, ukuphepha nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.