Kusankha Bwino Kwambiri kwa PDC Bits for Coal Mining

Kumanga kwa borehole ndi njira yaukadaulo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwongolera gasi, kupewa kuwonongeka kwa madzi, komanso kufufuza malo m'migodi ya malasha, yomwe imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti malasha ndi otetezeka komanso otetezeka. Ku China, maenje obowola mamiliyoni makumi mamiliyoni amamiliyoni amapangidwa chaka chilichonse m'migodi ya malasha. Ntchito yomangayi imafuna thandizo la zida zobowolera monga zobowolera, mapaipi obowola, ndi zoboola. Zina mwa izo, kubowola ndi zida zofunika zopangira mabowo mwachindunji ndi miyala yosweka.

Pepala la Poly crystalline diamond composite sheet (PDC) limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pobowola migodi chifukwa cha kulimba kwake kodabwitsa komanso kulimba kwake.Zithunzi za PDCAmawonetsa nthawi yayitali yobowola komanso kulowa bwino akagwiritsidwa ntchito m'miyala yolimba kwambiri komanso yotsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale phindu lalikulu pazachuma pobowola migodi ya malasha. Poyerekeza ndi pobowola mafuta, kubowola malasha kuli ndi luso laukadaulo la kuwononga ndalama, kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi, komanso zofunikira za PDC ndizopangidwa mopitilira muyeso. wofuna.

Mavuto omwe akukumana nawo panopa mumigodiZithunzi za PDCziphatikizire: ①Njira yolowera kumigodi ya PDC ndiyotsika, ndipo pali opanga ambiri omwe amapereka milingo yosiyanasiyana. ②Magwiridwe ndi zofunikira pakubowola pansi pa nthaka m'migodi ya malasha zikuwonetsa kusiyana koonekeratu, pomwe magawo a migodi ya PDC ndi ovuta komanso osiyanasiyana. Komanso, pali kusowa kwa njira zosankhidwa bwino komanso zomveka bwino pakugwiritsira ntchito.③Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa malo ovuta kwambiri m'migodi ya malasha, migodi wamba ya PDC imalephera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zomanga pobowola bwino pamalowo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusayenda pang'onopang'ono kapenanso kusowa kwathunthu kwa zowonera, kukulitsa zovuta pakumanga.④ Kubowola ndi ogwira ntchito yomanga nthawi zina kumakhala kovuta.

Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kugwira ntchito kwa migodiZithunzi za PDC, pepalali limapereka kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kwa njira zolephereka zoyambirira ndikufufuza zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwamtundu uliwonse. Kuonjezera apo, malingaliro othandiza amaperekedwa kuti asankhe mwanzeru ndikugwiritsa ntchito mosamala magawowa.

1.Kusanthula kwa Fomu ndi Zomwe Zimayambitsa PDC Bit Kulephera mu Migodi

Pakalipano, zigawo za migodi ya PDC bits makamaka zimakhala ndi thupi laling'ono, PDC cutters, gauge alloys, ndi mbali zina monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 1. Odula PDC ndi ma alloy gauge amangiriridwa pa thupi laling'ono kuti atsimikizire kuti ali otetezeka. Pobowola nthawi zonse, ndodo yobowola imatumiza torque ndi mphamvu ya chakudya pansi pa dzenje pomwe imagwira ndi pobowola. Ntchito yodula miyala imatheka pogwiritsa ntchito odula a PDC pobowola. Kuphatikiza apo, ma alloys a gauge amateteza kuti asavale kwambiri poteteza kukhulupirika kozungulira kwa thupi. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga mphamvu zovuta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito podula pansi pa dzenje panthawi yodula miyala ndi PDC pang'ono, kusintha kwa mapangidwe, kusankha njira zomangira ndi zida, luso la ogwira nawo ntchito yomanga pamodzi ndi njira zoyendetsera khalidwe la bits zomwe zingakhudze kwambiri ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kulephera kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kupyolera mu kafukufuku wochitidwa pa malo okumba migodi ya malasha, tafotokoza mwachidule ndi kusanthula njira zosiyanasiyana zolepherera ndi zomwe zimayambitsaZithunzi za PDC.

1.1 Kulephera kwa PDC cutter kumachitika pamene PDC imatenthedwa ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso kupanikizika kwambiri. Pepala lophatikizika lili ndi zigawo ziwiri zazikulu: wosanjikiza wa diamondi ndi matrix a carbide, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 2.

Njira zazikulu zolephereka za odula a PDC amaphatikiza kuvala wamba, kuwotcha, kugwa kwa tsamba, ndi delamination.

(1) Kuvala ndi kung’ambika nthawi zonse

Chodabwitsa cha kuvala wamba ndi mtundu wa kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika mwa odula a PDC panthawi yodula miyala, makamaka yomwe imadziwika ndi kutayika kwakukulu kwa akupera mu diamondi wosanjikiza ndi simenti ya carbide matrix a odula, popanda kuwoneka ngati kusweka pamwamba.

(2) Kugwetsa chipwirikiti

Chochitika cha kutsika kwa chip chimachitika pamene odula a PDC achoka pathupi pang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kulephera pang'ono. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi kulekanitsa kwathunthu kwa odula a PDC ku thupi lochepa, popanda zotsalira za aloyi zomwe zimapezeka mu dzenje momwe kuwotcherera pakati pa thupi ndi PDC cutters kumachitika.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa filimuyi:

① Kutentha kokwera pansi pa borehole kumabweretsa zovuta muukadaulo wakubowola kowuma kapena kupanga pulagi yamadzi pakubowola, komanso kulepheretsa kuziziritsa kwanthawi yake kwa odula a PDC pobowola panthawi yodula miyala yothamanga kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pamakhala kukwera kwakukulu kwa kutentha pansi pa dzenje, komwe kumatha kupitilira kutentha kwakukulu kwa solder ndikupangitsa kusungunuka kwa solder ndi kuchotsedwa kwa PDC cutter.

② Kuwongolera njira yowotcherera kubowola sikuli kolimba mokwanira. Mu ndondomeko yowotcherera, pali kusowa kwa kuyeretsa koyenera kusanachitike kuwotcherera, kuwotcherera kolakwika kapena kusamalidwa bwino kwa gasi, komanso kutentha kosatetezedwa kosungirako kutentha kapena nthawi yosakwanira mutatha kuwotcherera, zonse zomwe zingayambitse kutayika pang'ono. Kupatula kukakamiza opanga kuti aziwongolera mosamalitsa ntchito yopanga (makamaka PDC cutter welding process) kuti awonetsetse kuti ma welds athunthu komanso olimba, ndikofunikiranso kumveketsa bwino ntchito yomanga pobowola posankha kubowola madzi nthawi iliyonse yomwe ingatheke ndikupewa zomangira zowuma. Pobowola dzenje lakuya, ziyenera kuwonetseredwa kuti madzi abwerera musanawonjezere kubowola ndodo. Kuonjezera apo, nthawi iliyonse musanalowetse chibowocho pansi pa dzenje, m'pofunika kufufuza ngati pali zopinga kuti mupewe kutsekeka.

(3) Kuthyoka kwa tsamba

Kuthyoka kwa gawo la diamondi mu odula a PDC kumayimira kulephera kofala kwaZithunzi za PDC. Mawonekedwe amtunduwu ndi kung'ambika kwa diamondi, ndipo nthawi zina kumabweretsa kusweka nthawi imodzi pamodzi ndi carbide matrix.

Zifukwa zazikulu za kusweka kwa PDC:

① Wodula wosankhidwa kutengera mawonekedwe a PDC cutter amawonetsa kukana kutsika. Kuphatikizika kwa tungsten carbide (WC) ndi diamondi yaying'ono-ufa ndizosakwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke chifukwa cha kugawanika kwa miyala;

② Zinthu zokhudzana ndi ntchito yomanga zikuwonetsa kuti kukakamiza komanga pamalopo ndikokwera kwambiri. Kupanikizika kochitidwa ndi wodula wa PDC papang'onopang'ono kumaposa kukakamiza kwa wodulayo, zomwe zimatsogolera kufalikira kwa gawo la diamondi ndikugwa kwapang'onopang'ono.

③ Zinthu zokhudzana ndi mapangidwe ovuta zikuwonetsa kuti pakumanga zolimba, zosweka, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi odula a PDC zimapitilira kulimba kwawo, zomwe zingayambitse kugwa kwa mphepete.

④ Mapangidwe a ngodya yodula pang'ono ndi yosakwanira, chifukwa samatsatira mfundo yakuti kupanga kolimba kumafunikira mbali yaikulu yodula. Pomanga mapangidwe olimba, mbali yaying'ono yodulira imatha kupangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu yochulukirapo pa chodula cha PDC, pamapeto pake kumabweretsa kugwa kwa m'mphepete mwake.

⑤ Zinthu zina zimasonyeza kuti makonzedwe a mabawuti ndi zingwe zomangira nangula mumsewu wapansi panthaka kumapangitsa kuti chibowolocho chigwe chikagwera zinthuzi. Kuti tipewe kulephera pang'ono, ndikofunikira kuti musamangotsatira ndondomeko zomwe zafotokozedwa m'buku la malangizo obowola komanso kupanga ndikusankha kubowola kutengera momwe mapangidwe ake amapangidwira. Makamaka, pobowola m'magulu olimba, ndikofunikira kukulitsa mbali yodulira ya biti moyenera, kuchepetsa kuuma kwake, ndikuwonjezera chitetezo cha pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, kusankha odula a PDC okhala ndi kulimba kwamphamvu kumalimbikitsidwa pobowola m'mapangidwe osweka molimba kapena kusintha mawonekedwe akunja a wosanjikiza wa diamondi wa wodulayo kuti alimbikitse kulimba; mwachitsanzo, ocheka a PDC opindika nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kukana kwamphamvu kuposa mitundu yosalala. Kuphatikiza apo, pomanga mabowo akuyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti asabowole mabowo ndi zingwe za nangula.

(4) Kusokonezeka

Delamination imatanthawuza kuchotsedwa kwa diamondi kuchokera ku matrix opangidwa ndi simenti ya carbide mu mapepala a PDC, monga momwe chithunzi 3 chikusonyezera.

Chomwe chimachititsa kuti delamination mu gawo la diamondi la odula a PDC ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu komwe kulipo pakati pa diamondi ndi matrix opangidwa ndi simenti ya carbide, kuphatikizidwa ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pamagawo awo akukula kwamafuta. Panthawi yodula miyala, gawo la diamondi ndi matrix opangidwa ndi simenti a carbide amakumana ndi kugundana kosagwirizana chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa kutentha komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kutentha kwamphamvu komanso kuzizira kwamadzi ochapira. Zotsatira zake, kupsinjika kotsalirako kumapangitsa kuti miyala ya diamondi isungunuke kuchokera ku carbide matrix, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kubowola kulephera. Kuti muchepetse delamination, ndikofunikira kusankha zida zoyenera zomangira ndi matekinoloje owongolera omwe amalimbana ndi kupsinjika kotsalira pakati pazigawo ziwirizi panthawi yopanga. Kuphatikiza apo, kupanga mawonekedwe atsopano a matrix kumatha kukulitsa mgwirizano pakati pa diamondi wosanjikiza ndi masanjidwe a simenti a carbide.

1.2 Kulephera kwa thupi la kubowola kumadziwika makamaka ndi kusweka kwa masamba m'thupi labowola, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 4.

 

Kuthyoka kwa tsamba kwa thupi laling'ono nthawi zambiri kumachitika m'thupi ndipo kuluma kwachitsulo sikumachitika kawirikawiri. Zifukwa za kusweka kwa tsamba la bitilo ndi motere: ① Kumenya tsamba la pang'onopang'ono pochotsa thupilo chifukwa korona wa thupilo amawotchedwa ndi zitsulo zamafuta nthawi imodzi. poyerekeza ndi wamba zitsulo thupi pang'ono. kachidutswa kakang'ono ka thupi kamakhala ndi kukana kwambiri kuvala. koma kulimba kwa zinthu zakuthupi kumachepetsedwa mofananamo ndipo ndikosavuta kuthyola tsamba la thupi lochepa pochotsa thupilo; ② Kuwongolera kachitidwe ka sintering sikovuta. ndi sintered bit thupi ndi entrainment ndi chitsulo ufa amalephera kupanga aloyi.Pofuna kupewa kusweka kwa tsamba. wogwiritsa ntchito bwino zida monga pliers amano kuthandiza unyolo pomasula kubowola. kuti apewe kugogoda tsamba; Kachiwiri. opanga ayenera mosamalitsa kulamulira khalidwe la sintered thupi. osati mosamalitsa kulamulira ndondomeko sintering. komanso kuyang'anira ufa wachitsulo nthawi ndi nthawi kuonetsetsa kuti ufa umakwaniritsa zofunikira.

2. Kukonzekera Kwambiri ndi Kusankhidwa Koyenera kwa Mining PDC Bit

2.1 Kukhathamiritsa kapangidwe ka kubowola pang'ono

(1) Kwa mawonekedwe olephera a bit, ndikofunikira kuwongolera kapangidwe kake kuchokera pakubowola. Mapangidwe akuluakulu a PDC bit amaphatikizapo kudula Angle α. mbali ya mbali β. Azimuth Angle γ. etc. γ amatanthauza Mlingo pakati pa mzere wolozera wa mano a PDC ndi mzere wapakati wa pang'ono. α imatanthawuza Angle pakati pa mzere wofotokozera za dzino la PDC ndi ndege yogwira ntchito ya wodula. monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 5. β imatanthawuza Angle pakati pa ndege kupyolera pakatikati ndi mzere wapakati wa pang'onopang'ono ndi ndege yogwira ntchito ya wodula. monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 6. Kafukufuku woyambirira ndi kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kwa ntchito kumasonyeza kuti kudula Angle ndi mbali Angle ya PDC cutters akhoza kukhudza mwachindunji moyo ndi kubowola dzuwa la pang'ono. ndipo m'pofunika kukhathamiritsa kamangidwe ka pang'ono malinga ndi pobowola mapangidwe osiyanasiyana. Kudula Angle kapangidwe kudzakhudza kwambiri kubowola bwino. kapena ngakhale palibe kanema konse; Ngati ngodya yodulayo ndi yaying'ono kwambiri. PDC kudula m'mphepete sachedwa kusweka ndi zochitika zina. Choncho. kubowola kapangidwe ayenera kuganiziridwa mozama posankha chizindikiro chiwembu kusankha zolimbitsa kudula Angle ndi mbali ngodya osati mwachisawawa kapangidwe.

(2) Kuphatikiza pa kukhathamiritsa mbali yodula pang'ono, ndikofunikira kukulitsanso odula a PDC. Ubwino wa odula a PDC umakhudza kwambiri migodi ya PDC, chifukwa imatsimikizira momwe amadulira komanso moyo wawo wonse. Chofunikira pakukweza mtundu wa PDC ndikuchotsa kupsinjika kotsalira pamawonekedwe olumikizana pakati pa diamondi wosanjikiza ndi simenti ya carbide matrix. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kupsinjika kwakukulu kwa odula a PDC okhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kumakhazikika pafupi ndi mbali zonse za mawonekedwewa, ndizovuta kwambiri komanso zometa ubweya zomwe zimachitika m'mphepete mwa diamondi. Kukhalapo kwa kupsinjika kwakanthawi kumatha kupangitsa kuti pakhale zosweka zachilendo mu PDC, pomwe kumeta ubweya kumakhala chifukwa chachikulu cha delamination mu odula a PDC.

(3) Kuphatikiza pa kuthetsa kupsinjika kotsalira mu odula a PDC, chithandizo chachiwiri chikhoza kupititsa patsogolo khalidwe lawo. Pakadali pano, njira zoyambira zochizira pamwamba zimaphatikizira kupukuta pamwamba pa diamondi, kupukuta m'mphepete, ndi makina opangidwa ndi mawonekedwe. Kusankhidwa kwa odula a PDC kumatha kukongoletsedwa kutengera momwe amagwirira ntchito.

2.2 Kusankha koyenera kwa zida zobowola

Pakadali pano, ma PDC omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola dzenje m'malo ambiri amigodi amakhala ndi mapangidwe a mapiko atatu. Komabe, kusankhidwa kwa ma bitswa nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa ndipo kulibe magulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira imodzi yokha yomwe siimakwaniritsa zofunikira zamagulu osiyanasiyana. Izi zimakhala zovuta makamaka m'mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri, pomwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono timavutikira kuti tigwire bwino ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti moyo ukhale waufupi komanso kuchepa kwa ntchito yoboola. Kulephera kotereku sikungowonjezera ndalama zopangira zinthu komanso kungasokoneze dongosolo la zomangamanga ndi kuwononga kwambiri chuma. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusankha mabowola oyenera ogwirizana ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana.

Migodi PDC bits akhoza m'gulu la mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu kutengera zinthu pang'ono thupi: mtundu chitsulo ndi matayala mtundu. Matupi amtundu wachitsulo amakonzedwa makamaka kudzera munjira zamakina, kupereka kulimba kwabwino komwe kumawapangitsa kukhala oyenera pobowola wamba. Mosiyana ndi izi, matupi amtundu wa matayala amawotchedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo za ufa, zomwe zimapereka kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri pobowola miyala yolimba kapena ntchito zoboola. Kuphatikiza apo, zobowola zitha kugawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mkati, ngodya ya arc, pansi paphwando, scraper, ndi zina monga zikuwonekera pa Chithunzi 7. ①Mapangidwe a concave bit amathandizira kuwongola pakumanga kokhazikika; ②Mano omwazika a arc bit amapangitsa kuti mano azichulukirachulukira komanso kubowola bwino mukamagwira ntchito ndi zolimba zapakatikati ndi kupitilira apo; ③Milomo yooneka ngati chathyathyathya-pansi ndi pafupifupi yathyathyathya, yomwe imanola m'mbali mwake kuti skewing itsogolere - kapangidwe kameneka kamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pobowola molunjika; ④Chidutswachi chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino omwe amapereka nkhanza kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mapangidwe ofewa kapena msoko wa malasha.

Mabiti a PDC apano a migodi adafotokozedwa mwachidule ndikukonzedwa, limodzi ndi njira zosankhidwa za ma bits a PDC pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yogwirira ntchito ndi mapangidwe, monga momwe zafotokozedwera mu Table 1.

3. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Migodi PDC Bit Precautions

Kuphatikiza pakusankha mosamala zida zobowola, ndikofunikiranso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zida izi. Poganizira zovuta za zomangamanga m'migodi ya malasha, ogwira ntchito nthawi zambiri amavutika kuti atsatire malangizo a PDC pang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi zambiri azilephera chifukwa chosagwira bwino ntchito. Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kubowola bwino, madera ena a migodi amatha kuwonjezera kulemera kwake panthawi yogwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyo isawonongeke. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ma bits a PDC kumatha kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito ndikuchepetsa mtengo wopangira. Chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa kuzinthu zotsatirazi mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma PDC bits:

(1) Samalani ubale wapakati pa PDC bit ndi chida chobowola, kuonetsetsa kuti chitoliro chobowola chachikulu sichikugwirizana ndi chitoliro chobowola chaching'ono, komanso chitoliro chobowola chaching'ono sichikugwirizana ndi chitoliro chachikulu chobowola.

(2) Njira yabwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito kubowola kwapadera kapena kubowola kwachikale pomanga chisa, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kubowolako kumapewa kuyandikira mabawuti am'mbali mwa msewu, zingwe za nangula, ndi zotchingira zofananira.

(3) Pochita ntchito zobowola, ndikofunikira kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa chakudya kuti mupewe ngozi zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwambiri mkati mwa borehole.

(4) Chonde gwiritsani ntchito njira yoboolera madzi aukhondo, kupewa kubowola kowuma kapena kupopera mpweya. Musanayambe ntchito yobowola, onetsetsani kuti madzi akuyenda bwino m'dzenjemo kuti mupewe kuyaka komwe kungachitike m'munsi mwake.

(5) Mukachotsa pang'ono, onetsetsani kuti mukupewa kugunda kapena kumenya PDC cutter. Kuonjezera apo, samalani kuti musamenye tsamba la thupi.

4. Mapeto

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino migodi yobiriwira ya malasha nthawi zonse kwakhala nkhani yayikulu yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa ndi makampani a malasha. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ma PDC pobowola mobisa m'migodi ya malasha ndikofunikira kwambiri. Pepalali likuwunikira njira zolepherera za migodi ya PDC, ndikuwunikira zomwe zimayambitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolephera. Imalingalira njira zabwino zopangira ndi kusankha ma bits pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yogwirira ntchito ndi mapangidwe a geological, pomwe ikufotokoza mwachidule njira zodzitetezera kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito, potero limapereka chidziwitso chosankha bwino ndikugwiritsira ntchito migodi ya PDC. Kusankhidwa mwanzeru ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa migodi ya PDC kumatha kukulitsa luso lawo, kuchepetsa kuwononga zinthu, ndikuwonjezera chitetezo, kuchita bwino, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zachilengedwe pamigodi ya malasha.